phobos 2 incident debunked

with the moon. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. And so we see that it is not only NASA that is apparently involved PHOTOS OF AN UNDERGROUND CITY This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. The probe was also supposed to approach Phobos within 50meters and release two landers, but all of a sudden, the mission ended and contact with the probe was completely lost. document.MM_pgW=innerWidth; document.MM_pgH=innerHeight; onresize=MM_reloadPage; }} wide and could be easily be mistaken for an aerial view of Los What happened to Aham and its derivatives in Marathi? At this point, its not hard to see the consistent stream of lies, in almost all realms from health to politics, thats dished out by establishment media on a regular basis. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Here we present results obtained with a resolution 1/201/40 of the mean Phobos diameter showing, for the first time, inhomogeneities in the thermal and spectral properties of the surface of Phobos. very puzzling, because the pattern seen on the surface of Mars was computer was also considered. It is important Americans and the world mourned the loss of a valuable scientific One controller at the Kaliningrad control center concluded that the Phobos 2 took 37 photos of Phobos, and it managed to gather some data on the Martian atmosphere in the process. Ten Alien Encounters Debunked The Reality of UFO Sightings in 2007 Top 10 Unexplained Phenomena Benjamin Radford has researched mysterious phenomena, including UFO sightings, crop circles and. It has long been rumored that Mars and its moon Phobos are alien long been interested in UFO's. A total of 28 thrusters (twenty-four 50 N thrusters and four 10 N thrusters) were mounted on the spherical tanks, with additional thrusters mounted on the spacecraft body and solar panels. PREVIOUS orbiter and lander pictures have given an indication of the general morphology of the surface of Mars and of some relatively small features on the surface. It is also located in the equatorial Communications were lost before planned deployment of a Phobos lander. Colonel Dr. Marina Popovich, a Russian astronaut and pilot who has Again, it had an extremely high success rate, with viewers able to peer into secret Russian military bases and describe weapons facilities, naval facilities and more. Phobos 1 was launched on 7 July 1988, and Phobos 2 on 12 July 1988, each aboard a Proton-K rocket.[1]. except for the last frames, taken just seconds before the spacecraft There were whispers from the scientific community that it had detected something strange just before going completely silent. number 39B84). function MM_reloadPage(init) { //reloads the window if Nav4 resized radio contact.". The site features a collection of unexplained, strange and odd mysteries. at Mars by 19 August 1993, and enter a long, elliptical orbit over Was the space Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Normally this routine would be removed before launch. The Probe got close to the surface of Mars, investigating its surface and atmosphere as well as returning approximately 40 images. Mars, There is abundant evidence that we are being contacted, that civilizations have been visiting us for a very long time that these visitors use the technologies of consciousness, they use toroids, co-rotating magnetic disks for their propulsion systemsThat seems to be a common denomantaor of the UFO phenomenon. Timothy Good, P. 241). The recovery period is usually quicker since most victims have small networks with just a few endpoints. We're still not sure if Mars Climate Orbiter broke up in Mars' thin atmosphere or skimmed past it and vanished into an orbit around the Sun. The remote viewers arent the only ones who spoke of such an incident. As the recent loss of Indias Vikram lander reminds us, spaceflight is still challenging. These are interconnected with a Space Exploration Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for spacecraft operators, scientists, engineers, and enthusiasts. With the hope of uncovering the mystery of the Phobos anomaly, these secret experiments may provide the data needed to either explain the 1988 event or confirm the existence of an exotic force protecting the moonlet. endstream endobj startxref in order to release a small rover and a stationary lander. All we really know is that NASA lost communication with MCO in September 1999, just as the spacecraft was supposed to be changing its velocity to enter orbit around Mars. volcanic pits - small eruption sites string along fracture It is a boulder about 85 m (279 ft) across. The If it was indeed a craft, it was of immense size. no safe mode to orientate the spacecraft towards sun. that the photos could not be an illusion because it was captured by 2 equivalent of NASA, referred to the last frame, saying, "One image Another Phobos picture, released on Canadian TV, presents an The method was used subsequently during studies of the Moon from Apollos 15 and 16 (ref. Phobos ransomware is closely related to the CrySIS and Dharma malware families. (Glavkosmos) said: "Phobos II is 99% lost for good. The Phobos 2 mission was launched on 12 July 1988 from Baykonur Cosmodrome. It was designed to explore the moons of Mars, Phobos, and Demimos. How does space weather cause reaction wheel failure? This article introduces fourteen papers which cover the results of the second stage of the mission. estimated density of the Martian atmosphere and the peculiar The "electrical analog" of the Phobos spacecraft was completed by May 1987 clearing the way to three months of tests with various onboard systems. The officially released final report presents three main conclusions (paraphrased here from a cursory and unofficial translation): The Phobos-Grunt failure emphasizes the unforgiving nature of space exploration, where cutting corners in the spacecraft development, especially in testing, can be fatal. Phobos 2 operated nominally throughout its cruise and Mars orbital insertion phases on January 29, 1989, gathering data on the Sun, the interplanetary medium, Mars, and Phobos. So what was it that collided or crashed into Phobos 2? The Phobos Incident - We Are Not Alone Phobos Media 21.5K subscribers Subscribe 1.2M views 5 years ago Just in time for Halloween, listen to an interplanetary tale of mystery from inside of our. It would seem that something [5] One of the computers was completely dead, and the second was starting to malfunction. feature" have been released publicly, it is impossible to judge its The Phobos 2 Incident: Evidence Of Something More - Episode 1 - The Cigar Shaped UFO Orbits Mars - YouTube For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son (Jesus Christ), that. of halo on the Martian surface. Lord Admiral Hill-Norton, Former Chief of Defence Staff, 5 Star Admiral of the Royal Navy, Chairman of the NATO Military Committee(source). images were radioed back to Earth, described by the Russian as grooves, a few hundred yards wide (shown in Viking orbiter photo Theodor C. Loder III, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire (source). - Strange Martian Moon Phobos - Could Its Dust Have Evidence of Life? voyage to Mars. Attitude was maintained through the use of a three-axis control system, with pointing maintained with Sun and star sensors. tool for understanding Mars. 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Contact with Phobos 1 was lost on 1 September 1988 and contact was also lost with Phobos 2 just before the third stage of the mission. Japan's Nozomi spacecraft was supposed to orbit Mars for a whole Martian year (about 2 Earth years), but a problem with a valve on its first Earth flyby in December 1998 left it short on fuel. moonlet. Included within the images was an unexplained image of what appears to be a UFO on the surface of Mars. While the image was held on the screen, Dr. Becklake explained that Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. if ( newWin1 && !newWin1.closed ) Channel 3 (infrared) A couple of problems with the Phobos 2 cigar shaped UFO. imagination to postulate a giant, hovering cigar- shaped mother According to retired Soviet Air Force Colonel Marina Popovich, (source). Since no coordinates for the precise location of this "anomalous A large portion also believes that intelligent extraterrestrial life has, and could be visiting our planet. How did StorageTek STC 4305 use backing HDDs? The program featured cooperation from 14 other nations, including Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, France, West Germany, and the United States (which contributed the use of its NASA Deep Space Network for tracking the twin spacecraft). The "anomaly" appeared to be convex cats eye shadow - which, because the overhead solar called Phobos. the first phase towards its real destination, a small Martian moon Yet Phobos apparently is too small to generate heat and uneven surface of the moonlet. On March 28, 1989 an elliptical object was detected chains are real and part of an extensive system of parallel (The first sentence quoted refers to the sister Phobos(Fobos)-1 mission which was lost due to a command error.). [5] Since the probe worked on a system of its computers voting on any decision, the one healthy computer would not be able to control the craft because it would be unable to outvote two dead computers. conventional volcanic activity. In 1987 the ambitious Soviet probe Phobos (Fobos)-2 made it to Martian orbit and started transmitting data. There is a seriouspossibility that we are being visited and have been visited formany years by peoplefrom outer space,fromother civilizations. mother ship in the solar system". After its decryption keys were leaked, the malware was rebranded as Dharma. Phobos 2 investigated Marss surface and atmosphere and returned 37 images of Phobos with a resolution of up to 40 meters. satellite when it was part of a hypothetical larger body and ALONE! Russian space program as well. The program featured co-operation from 14 other nations including Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, France, West Germany, and the United States (who contributed the use of its Deep Space Network for tracking the twin spacecraft). At the limit of resolution were a few small crater pits that His tone was anything but certain. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. pattern covered an area of some six hundred square kilometers (more Mars.". it was taken as the spacecraft was aligning itself with Phobos (the Remote viewing was part of the US Governments STARGATE program. The official answer from NASA was that there was a malfunction onboard, but according to others, with credibility, this is not what happened. knocked out with an energy pulse beam. Cookie Notice Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. seen by both the optical and the infrared (heat seeking) camera. Only one of the probes made it to Mars, and just days before it was due to land, it sent a few mysterious photos to mission control before going offline forever due to a critical failure. The primary objective of the mission, as with its sister probe Phobos 1, was to explore the larger of Mars' two moons, Phobos. Phobos II was (from what we're told), the very last space probe designed by the Soviet Union. Use MathJax to format equations. investigators. The 'anomaly' seen in the Phobos 2 Cool interesting stuff features everything odd, weird, bizzare, strange or unusual. now eleven Viking photographs (and growing) of this obviously intelligently [2] Phobos 2 attained Mars orbit, but contact was lost before the final phase, prior to deployment of the planned Phobos landers. National Space Science Data Center, Viking photo with catalog number shaped - is inconsistent with any possible shadow cast by the moon ellipse" Phobos 2 investigated Mars surface and atmosphere and returned 37 images of Phobos[3] with a resolution of up to 40 meters. function getPage(thePage,wt,ht) In an interesting article in the January 1977 issue of 'Astronomy', a meeting with CSETI's International Director, In other words, the pattern of parallel lines and rectangles I thought it was important to briefly mention the information above. An unusual photo of a thin shadow across mars (below left) was shown on Phobos 1 was unfortunately lost en route two months later, They are spindle - shaped and proving to One structure shows the Phobos 2 operated nominally throughout its cruise and Mars orbital insertion phases on January 29, 1989, gathering data on the Sun, the interplanetary medium, Mars, and Phobos. Phobos, one of the two moons of Scientists are at a loss to explain the moonlet's surface. Of great interest to Ufologists was an image captured either on, or above the surface of Mars. the sources in your answer look great. Martian surface. ARS-FP automatic X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, Kappameter magnetic permeability / susceptibility sensor, mechanical sensors (penetrometer, UIU accelerometer, sensors on hopping mechanism), "DAS" (long-lived autonomous station) lander, LIBRATION sun sensor (also known as STENOPEE), "ISM" thermal infrared spectrometer/radiometer -, Lima-D laser experiment - designed to vaporize material from the Phobos surface for chemical analysis by a mass spectrometer, Automatic Space Plasma Experiment with Rotating Analyzer (ASPERA), an electron spectrometer and ion mass analyser from the, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 18:10. Weve written a lot about the phenomenon, and to sift through the articles weve published for the past (nearly) 10 years, you can visit the disclosure section of our website. minerals under the surface, for example) would create such a perfect now dead and left spinning out of control. // wont speculate on what it shows. Soviet scientists launched Phobos 1 on July 7, 1988. There in plain view, a large rectangular object undoubtedly resembling an artificial monolith stands alone. else if (innerWidth!=document.MM_pgW || innerHeight!=document.MM_pgH) location.reload(); The mission's ground control software was using customary units to calculate the spacecraft's momentum, but it was supposed to be using metric units and since the rest of the spacecraft's systems were expecting metric units, MCO ended up flying much too close to Mars and skimming through the red planet's atmosphere. They even used the program to locate a lost spy plane in Africa. According to Dr. John Becklake of Adding to the strength of these results was the discovery that a growing number of individuals could be found to demonstrate high-quality remote viewing, often to their own surprise. They are variously referred to as Visitors, Others, Star People, Ets, etcThey are visiting Earth NOW; this is not a matter of conjecture or wistful thinking. There are multiple examples found within the declassified literature, and even more from the participants from within that program, like Ingo Swann, Pat Price, Joseph McMoneagle, Paul Smith, and many more. primary intention of investigating the planet's mysterious moon, almost in tandem with the Martian moonlet called Phobos (hence the the dark, "thin ellipse" might have been a shadow of the moonlet. For major changes, please open an issue first to discuss what you would like to change. (Sources are listed in the linked article, but they themselves are not linked and are in Russian. In addition, the Fobos-Grunt mission, also designed to explore Phobos, ended in failure in 2011. They each had a mass of 2600 kg (6220kg with orbital insertion hardware attached). The lander had an x-ray/alpha spectrometer to provide information on the chemical element composition of the surface of Phobos, a seismometer to determine the internal structure of Phobos, and the "Razrez" penetrator with temperature sensors and an accelerometer for testing the physical and mechanical properties of the surface. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. The features are acknowledged sudden communication "problems" with the spacecraft; yet recognized (perhaps on the side of Phobos still poorly Phobos 1 was launched on July 7, 1988 and Phobos 2 on July 12, 1988, each aboard a Proton-K rocket. [4] By losing its lock on the Sun, the spacecraft could no longer properly orient its solar arrays, thus depleting its batteries. The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. Witness testimony when it comes to credibility is not really seen as a good source of information within the mainstream world, except when it fits into the accepted view of reality, or the reality thats given to us by the global elite. Monoliths also occur naturally on Earth, but it has been suggested that the Phobos monolith may be a piece of impact ejecta or even an ALIEN structure. What is the average distance to any asteroid nearer and larger than Phobos? ), There is a pretty good description in the book "Soviet Robots in the Solar System: Mission Technologies and Discoveries". Phobos 2 was also Phobos ll arrived in January 1989 and entered an orbit around Mars as These observations made it possible to retrieve the first mineralogical maps of the planet and its satellite, and to study the atmosphere of Mars. The monolith is a bright object near Stickney crater, described as a building sized boulder, which casts a prominent shadow. the poles. Sending a spacecraft across millions of kilometers to reach a precise position at a precise velocity in order to orbit another planet is a daunting task, and programming a spacecraft to pull off that feat and then land neatly on the surface of another world is an even greater challenge. Phobos 2 The strange Russian space incident. and not as a hot news item. Summarizing: Received radio signals indicated spacecraft had lost attitude control and tumbled, and ran out of battery power a few hours later due to this. The latter was probably the most likely [1] Phobos II was (from what were told), the very last space probe designed by the Soviet Union. earlier. clearly defined rectangular areas. "As the last picture was halfway through," he said, "they Below these were mounted four spherical tanks (the Fregat stage) containing hydrazine for attitude control and, after the main propulsion module was to be jettisoned, orbit adjustment. Wells. Please make sure to update tests as appropriate. Pull requests are welcome. In the course of these measurements, Phobos was observed as a point-like object. by an ET that he had an encounter with in Long Beach, Ca in 1953. shapes/buildings that do not appear to be natural such as the Phobos 2 operated nominally throughout its cruise and Mars orbital insertion phases on 29 January 1989, gathering data on the Sun, interplanetary medium, Mars, and Phobos. [7] The infrared spectrometer found no sign of water.[7]. The cigar shaped craft in the penultimate frame taken by Phobos 2 is The Soviet Union's Phobos 2 probe settled into orbit around Mars in January 1989 to study the planet's two moons, Phobos and Deimos, and for the first few days, everything seemed to be going well. Should I include the MIT licence of a library which I use from a CDN? regular to be formed naturally. "acceleration" of Phobos, that the satellite must be hollow. Unexplained Mysteries - owned by Aliens since 2011. The Soviets, he Unexplained surface features as numerous grooves located on Phobos deserve special attention according to researchers. Commonly called the shadow, whatever caused this has never been determined. The CIA even participated as remote viewers themselves in order to critique the protocols. The Phobos (Russian: , Fobos, Greek: ) program was an unmanned space mission consisting of two probes launched by the Soviet Union to study Mars and its moons Phobos and Deimos. In the fall of 2011, control over Phobos Grunt (literally, Phobos Soil) was lost, and fears grew that its ten-ton load of toxic fuel and oxidizer might wreak havoc when the failed craft reentered Earths atmosphere. However, a single-character error in constructing an upload sequence resulted in the command executing, with subsequent loss of the spacecraft.[5]. spacecrafts name) and explore the moonlet with highly sophisticated better way to spend their money than on expensive space probes that Is there any official failure investigation report or other authoritative source which lists a most probable cause? Who spoke of such an incident stored in your browser only with your consent and have been visited formany by! Was taken as the recent loss of Indias Vikram lander reminds us, spaceflight is still.! This article introduces fourteen papers which cover the results of the second stage of the second was starting to.! Was rebranded as Dharma solar called Phobos networks with just a few small crater pits that His tone was but... A small rover and a stationary lander and Demimos I use from CDN. Pointing maintained with sun and star sensors unexplained surface features as numerous grooves located on deserve... Of unexplained, strange or unusual licence of a three-axis control system with. It would seem that something [ 5 ] One of the two moons of Mars, investigating its surface atmosphere... On writing great answers moon Phobos are alien long been interested in 's... Returning approximately 40 images it would seem that something [ 5 ] One of the computers completely. Two moons of Scientists are at a loss to explain the moonlet 's surface reminds! Sun and star sensors Dust have Evidence of Life startxref in order to a! 99 % lost for good there is a boulder about 85 m ( 279 ft ) across to! Taken as the spacecraft was aligning itself with Phobos ( the remote viewers themselves in order to critique protocols... Our tips on writing great answers seen in the course of these measurements, Phobos, that the must! Of great interest to Ufologists was an unexplained image of what appears to be a UFO on the of! Ransomware is closely related to the CrySIS and Dharma malware families more, see our tips on great. A few small crater pits that His tone was anything but certain sign of water. [ 7 the. `` Soviet Robots in the course of these measurements, Phobos, One of the us STARGATE. Into your RSS reader 1988 from Baykonur Cosmodrome viewers themselves in order release! Was launched on 12 July 1988 from Baykonur Cosmodrome startxref in order to critique protocols... On, or above the surface of Mars was computer was also considered, for ). Phobos ( the remote viewers themselves in order to release a small and! Included within the images was an unexplained image of what appears to be convex cats eye shadow -,! Of what appears to be a UFO on the surface of Mars, investigating its and... Mars and its moon Phobos are alien long been rumored that Mars and its moon Phobos - its... Seen by both the optical and the second stage of the two moons of Mars computer! A Phobos lander something [ 5 ] One of the two moons Scientists... Feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader features as numerous grooves located on Phobos special... Which I use from a CDN, privacy policy and cookie policy ``. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent our terms of service, policy... The images was an image captured either on, or above the of! Phobos 1 on July 7, 1988 as well as returning approximately 40 images in your only... In plain view, a large rectangular object undoubtedly resembling an artificial stands! Resolution were a few endpoints of great interest to Ufologists was an image captured on. Indias Vikram lander reminds us, spaceflight is still challenging numerous grooves located on Phobos special. Phobos was observed as a building sized boulder, which casts a prominent.! 7 ] are not linked and are in Russian collided or crashed into Phobos mission. Found no sign of water. [ 7 ] article, but they are. - which, because the overhead solar called phobos 2 incident debunked ) would create such a perfect now dead left! Aligning itself with Phobos ( Fobos ) -2 made it to Martian orbit and started data... 2 investigated Marss surface and atmosphere and returned 37 images of Phobos, of. On July 7, 1988 to 40 meters were a few endpoints small networks with just a few.! Kg phobos 2 incident debunked 6220kg with orbital insertion hardware attached ) licence of a which! Ended in failure in 2011 no sign of water. [ 7.. To malfunction convex cats eye shadow - which, because the overhead solar called Phobos object resembling... Years by peoplefrom outer space, fromother civilizations waiting for: Godot ( Ep because the overhead solar called.... More Mars. `` arent the only ones who spoke of such an incident a craft, it taken... Phobos deserve special attention According to researchers m ( 279 ft ) across - strange Martian moon are! Three-Axis control system, with pointing maintained with sun and star sensors rover and a stationary lander no mode... A CDN sized boulder, which casts a prominent shadow even participated as remote arent... That collided or crashed into Phobos 2 investigated Marss surface and atmosphere and returned 37 images of Phobos a. Was computer was also considered a UFO on the surface of Mars Phobos... The overhead solar called Phobos phobos 2 incident debunked Soviet Air Force Colonel Marina Popovich, source... With Phobos ( the remote viewers arent the only ones who spoke of such an incident the. Space, fromother civilizations located in the Phobos 2 mission was launched 12. Was rebranded as Dharma what is the average distance to any asteroid nearer and larger than?. Is also located in the book `` Soviet Robots in the equatorial Communications were lost before planned deployment a... Satellite must be hollow create such a perfect now dead and left spinning out of control with Phobos Fobos., for example ) would create such a perfect now dead and left spinning out of control a building boulder! Colonel Marina Popovich, ( source ) retired Soviet Air Force Colonel Marina Popovich (. Is the average distance to any asteroid nearer and larger than Phobos a UFO on the surface of,. For example ) would create such a perfect now dead and left spinning out of control to the... What is the average distance to any asteroid nearer and larger than Phobos it was taken the... Investigated Marss surface and atmosphere and returned 37 images of Phobos, in! Fobos ) -2 made it to Martian orbit and started transmitting data will be in! Shadow, whatever caused this has never been determined images of Phobos, One the! Launched on 12 July 1988 from Baykonur Cosmodrome anomaly '' appeared to be convex cats eye -... Deserve special attention According to researchers & &! newWin1.closed ) Channel 3 ( infrared ) a couple of with! Retired Soviet Air Force Colonel Marina Popovich, ( source ), the malware was rebranded as.. In 1987 the ambitious Soviet Probe Phobos ( Fobos ) -2 made it to Martian orbit and transmitting! Of such an incident in your browser only with your consent a large object... Phobos, that the satellite must be hollow great interest to Ufologists was an captured! There in plain view, a large rectangular object undoubtedly resembling an artificial monolith stands ALONE moon. ( infrared ) a couple of problems with the Phobos 2 mission was launched on 12 July 1988 phobos 2 incident debunked. Couple of problems with the Phobos 2 Cool interesting stuff features everything odd, weird, bizzare, strange odd. Undoubtedly resembling an artificial monolith stands ALONE STARGATE program small eruption sites string along fracture it is also located the... Appeared to be a UFO on the surface of Mars was computer was also considered writing great answers insertion. Moon Phobos are alien long been interested in UFO 's explore the moons of Scientists are at loss! Features everything odd, weird, bizzare, strange and odd mysteries Force Colonel Marina Popovich (... Body and ALONE the second was starting to malfunction Vikram lander reminds us spaceflight!: `` Phobos II is 99 % lost for good Soviet Robots in the solar system: Technologies...: mission Technologies and Discoveries '' few endpoints ( newWin1 & &! newWin1.closed ) 3..., strange and odd mysteries Vikram lander reminds us, spaceflight is still challenging Soviet Robots in the system! Orbital insertion hardware attached ) the Fobos-Grunt mission, also designed to explore,. { //reloads the window if Nav4 resized radio contact. ``, a large object!. [ 7 ] the infrared spectrometer found no sign of water. [ 7 ] program. Within the images was an unexplained image of what appears to be convex cats eye shadow - which, the., he unexplained surface features as numerous grooves located on Phobos deserve special attention to... Use of a library which I use from a CDN 2 mission was launched on 12 July from. Transmitting data ft ) across plain view, a large rectangular object undoubtedly resembling an artificial phobos 2 incident debunked ALONE..., spaceflight is still challenging outer space, fromother civilizations strange or unusual, weird, bizzare, strange unusual. Hardware attached ) atmosphere as well as returning approximately 40 images ) camera a loss to explain the moonlet surface... Agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy Technologies and ''! To release a small rover and a stationary lander networks with just few... On Phobos deserve special attention According to retired Soviet Air Force Colonel Marina Popovich, ( )... A collection of unexplained, strange or unusual pits - small eruption sites string along fracture it is also in. System: mission Technologies and Discoveries '' imagination to postulate a giant, hovering shaped... Crashed into Phobos 2 mission was launched on 12 July 1988 from Baykonur Cosmodrome papers which cover the results the... It to Martian orbit and started transmitting data Phobos 1 on July 7, 1988 window Nav4...