So, he decided as he did five years ago to try to set the record straight, and to try to "drown his accusers with words," as Chernow writes. Any such doubts were refuted with his publication of the, Her investment in her husbands legacy was personal and pragmatic. It does not store any personal data. The Reynolds Pamphlet. While he was composing The Federalist Papers, Eliza was the emissary between him and his publisher. In "Satisfied," AngelicaSchuyler could never marry the man who emotionally and intellectually satisfied her, Hamilton. Well, he's never gon' be President now. 3 Who confronted Hamilton about Reynolds? Press J to jump to the feed. To their surprise and embarrassment, Hamilton came clean about his extramarital affair, even sharing the letters he received from both Mr. and Mrs. Reynolds. What were you thinking?". Yet, in Chernow's telling, while the scandal was certainly embarrassing for Hamilton, it "diminished but scarcely destroyed his political stature.". It involved Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, who conducted an affair with Maria Reynolds from 1791 to 1792, during the presidency of George Washington. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. At the age of 91, Eliza moved to Washington, D.C. to live with her daughter who had relocated there. Eliza fully devoted herself to these endeavors. 366-369, Schachner, Alexander Hamilton, 1946, p. 366, Learn how and when to remove this template message, George Washington II: The Forging of a Nation, List of federal political sex scandals in the United States, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-21-02-0138-0002, "Printed Version of the "Reynolds Pamphlet," 1797", "Draft of the "Reynolds Pamphlet," July 1797", "Letter to Alexander Hamilton from Maria Reynolds [15 December 1791]", "Letter from James Reynolds to Alexander Hamilton, December 19th, 1791", "Letter from James Reynolds to Alexander Hamilton, January 17th, 1792", "Letter from James Reynolds to Alexander Hamilton, May 2nd, 1792", "Printed Version of the "Reynolds Pamphlet", 1797", Letters of James Monroe regarding the Reynolds affair in 1792 and other related archives, Printed Version of the Reynolds Pamphlet, 1797, 8th Senior Officer of the United States Army (17991800), 1st Secretary of the Treasury (17891795), Delegate to the Congress of the Confederation (17821783, 17881789), "Report on a Plan for the Further Support of Public Credit", Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures, Advisor, George Washington's Farewell Address, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HamiltonReynolds_affair&oldid=1140422623, Federal political sex scandals in the United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from September 2022, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "We Know", in which Hamilton is confronted by Burr, Jefferson, and. The only person deserving an apology is wife, Eliza Schuyler. Hamilton, John Laurens, and the Marquis de Lafayette were all part of Washingtons military family. When the deal was made, New York City became the financial center and the Potomac area became the federal capital. Frederick Muhlenberg and Abraham Venable in December 1792 when Hamilton was Treasury Secretary of the first Washington administration. ", The publication of the Reynolds Pamphlet would seem to be a humiliating, career-ending disaster and Miranda portrays it that way. As the first secretary of the U.S. Treasury, Alexander Hamilton built the foundations of the national banking system and wielded more power in the earliest years of American democracy than any other man beside George Washington. Did he publicly berate Alexander or anything, really? Was Eliza pregnant during the Reynolds pamphlet? Hamilton argued the Constitution didnt forbid a bank and that it would tie the fledgling nation together. As they grew older, she enlisted some of them to help her sort through his papers. All Rights Reserved. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Never one to take an attack lying down, Hamilton wrote a lengthy and personal attack on his own party's sitting president, using inside information he gleaned from those Cabinet secretaries to make Adams look bad, and published it just before the election of 1800. While the Reynolds Pamphlet successfully refuted the more serious accusations against Hamilton, the sordid revelations of his affair humiliated his wife and permanently ended any hope he might have had of becoming president of the United States. and audience as Alexander drafted Washingtons Farewell Address. The document cleared his name of any political wrongdoing but deeply humiliated and wounded Eliza. Initially she did not . That . During the Revolutionary War, Washington set up the Culper Spy Ring, to spy on the British. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. During Alexanders life, she helped him shape his story. Martha Washington and Elizabeth Hamilton outlived their husbands and helped to shape their legacies. O He encouraged the split in his cabinet because he wanted Hamilton to leave in favor of someone he agreed with more. This document was very important because it helped sway people into supporting those individuals who favored declaring independence from Great Britain. Maria and James Reynolds split up (with Aaron Burr serving as Marias attorney) and Maria married Clingman the same day her divorce became official. Eliza was a source of valuable advice and wisdom to Hamilton as his political career began to take off after the war. He was also a member of the Constitutional Convention and one of the authors of the Federalist Papers. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Learn More About the Democratic-Republicans. Washington disliked Arron Burr because of his penchant for intrigue [and] a lack of sufficient deference during the Revolutionary War.11 Burr was relegated to an outsider and quit his post in Washingtons camp. In it, he admitted to sexual wrongdoing but vociferously argued that he hadn't engaged in any financial corruption . She spelled out a lovelorn tale about how she had been abandoned by her husband, James Reynolds, and asked Hamilton for financial help. "[2] The two began an illicit affair that would last, with varying frequency, until approximately June 1792. This danger peaked in 1793 when a yellow fever epidemic raced through the city and killed one-tenth of Philadelphias population.9 Even Hamilton became ill, although he eventually recovered. The Only Known Document in Hamilton's Hand on a Legal Case Involving James Reynolds; For Washington, Hamilton Confirms Receipt of Hessian Troop Movement Intelligence . John Ferling (2013) noted that the Pamphlet served as ammunition for Jefferson to call Hamilton untrustworthy, so Washington sort of doubled down on his support of Alexander. Rather than try to stop it, he decided to profit from the situation by extorting money from Hamilton in exchange for keeping quiet. However, he openly admitted his relationship with Maria Reynolds and apologized for it. Washington and Hamiltons relationship was complicated. They confronted him on the possible charge of . 15 Reply More posts you may like This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. In it, Jefferson said that American politics under Washington had become like the British government. She returned to New York City in early September because her eldest child, Philip, had contracted typhus and the local upstate doctor was unable to treat him. Alexander left behind substantial debts, and Eliza did not have the means to pay them. [2] These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. As news of Washingtons death spread around the country, church bells rang in every city and town. Also in 1797, when Hamilton no longer held the post of Secretary of the Treasury, the details of his relationship with Maria and James Reynolds came to light in a series of pamphlets authored by the journalist James Thomson Callender. When he discovered the affair, Reynolds' husband, James Reynolds, subsequently blackmailed Hamilton over the affair, who paid him over $1,300; about a third of his annual income, to maintain the secrecy. She spoke out about Alexanders contributions to the establishment of the country. Washington would likely have been able to relate. George Washington to Robert Cary & Company, September 20, 1765, Colonial Series, http://rotunda.upress.virginia.edu/founders/GEWN-02-07-02-0252-0001. Reynolds knew that Hamilton would have to choose between revealing his affair with Maria or falsely admitting complicity to the charges. Chernow, Ron, Washington: A Life, 816.17. The Grange, the Hamilton family home, was repossessed by creditors and sold at public auction, it was purchased by a group of Alexanders rich friends who then sold it back to Eliza for half the price. The document cleared his name of any political wrongdoing but deeply humiliated and wounded Eliza. That night he slipped out and went to the boarding house. But unbeknownst to Hamilton, Monroe sent copies of the documents Hamilton had shown them to Jefferson, while John Beckley, then the clerk for the House of Representatives, also kept a copy. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. While the Reynolds Pamphlet successfully refuted the more serious accusations against Hamilton, the sordid revelations of his affair humiliated his wife and permanently ended any hope he might. Both parties constantly spread rumors and lies about Jefferson, Hamilton, and Washington in the press, further straining relationships. The cabinet consisted of men from around the country who could advise the president on important issues, such as the creation of a national bank. He even encouraged Hamilton to resume the affair with his wife, who claimed to be devoted to her powerful lover. auction, it was purchased by a group of Alexanders rich friends who then sold it back to Eliza for half the price. Early in their marriage, he wrote a 31 page letter to financier and Founding FatherRobert Morris, Jr., describing much of what would develop into his financial plan for the United States. Her husband, James Reynolds, had. While Hamilton's admitted affair served to confirm rival Jefferson's conviction that he was untrustworthy, it did nothing to change Washington's opinion of him, who still held him in "very high esteem" and still viewed him as the dominant force in establishing the federal law and government.[19]. Washington and Jefferson never dueled, but their friendship was constantly strained because of their political differences. Chernow, Ron, Washington: A Life, 290.7. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Who was the author of the pamphlet Common Sense? Writing in clear and persuasive prose, Paine marshaled moral and political arguments to encourage common people in the Colonies to fight for egalitarian government. The Schuyler sisters were known in their day for socializing. While Hamilton had eight children, Washington never had any. Shots were fired and Lee missed, whereas Laurens' shot grazed Lee. Portrait of Alexander Hamilton (1757-1804) by John Trumbull (1756-1843). Though knowing this is based on reality, I never really saw the musical as reliable in anyway because at the end of the day it is meant to entertain. James Monroe, Abraham Venable, and Frederick Muhlenberg were the first men to hear of this possible corruption within the nation's new government, and on December 15, 1792, they decided to confront Hamilton personally with the information that they had received, supported by the notes of Hamilton's payments to Reynolds that Maria had given them to corroborate her husband's accusations. Different accounts from the time indicate that the seventeen year old retreated into a childlike state, and that her parents were unable to draw her out of it. Washington dealt with various illnesses, such as dysentery, smallpox, yellow fever, and the flu. But the French came back strong and just over a month later defeated Washingtons troops at Fort Necessity. These men developed close bonds, especially during the daily meal that Washington called family dinners.6. 293. He was buried four days later in the family vault at Mount Vernon. "An Indelicate Amor: Alexander Hamilton and the First American Political Sex Scandal," Master's Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 2002. In the last letter Alexander Hamilton wrote to his wife Elizabeth, he signed it best of wives and best of Women.17 Martha Washington was also the best of wives and women, supporting and loving George Washington throughout their forty years of marriage. In "The Story of Tonight," Hamilton and his friends raise a glass to freedom in a toast. It didnt destroy his career, however. How Alexander Hamiltons Widow, Eliza, Carried on His Legacy. His father, Augustine Washington, died when he was only eleven, and Washingtons mother, Mary Washington, never remarried. What was Schuylers reaction to his daughter elopement? This famous pamphlet reached around 50,000 people. This grudge would be carried by Elizabeth Hamilton, who, upon meeting Monroe before his death in 1825 1831, treated him coolly on her late husband's behalf. They spent large amounts of time together throughout the war, responding to Washingtons correspondence and fighting in battles. From the mansion to lush gardens and grounds, intriguing museum galleries, immersive programs, and the distillery and gristmill. However, Washington failed as Washy was secure that he would inherit the Custis fortune from his grandmother. Elizabeth spent her final years in New York and Washington D.C., where she socialized with leaders including Presidents Tyler, Polk, Pierce, and Fillmore. We accept credit card, Apple Pay, and However, it is likely that Washingtons desire for a strong executive branch and tax enforcement came from his experience with a weak and ineffectual Congress during the Revolutionary War. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! -Eliza was actually not pregnant when the Reynolds Pamphlet came out. That's one less thing to worry about. Elizabeth Eliza Schuyler Hamilton is credited with preserving the legacy of her husband Alexander. In the case of the song "The Reynolds Pamphlet" the main differences are: Jefferson, Madison and Burr did not approach Hamilton about his affair, it was James Monroe, Frederick Muhlenberg and Abraham Venable in December 1792 when Hamilton was Treasury Secretary of the first Washington administration. Other times, the gasp represented her reuniting with her husband Alexander Hamilton in the afterlife. 1 How did Angelica react to the Reynolds pamphlet? He later recounted, "I took the bill out of my pocket and gave it to her. But there's one burning question he still has about his character's motivations. Washington was asked to lead, and to do the best he could, he needed his right-hand man, Hamilton. What was George Washington's reaction to the 1797 Reynolds Pamphlet, he was alive and well in Mount Vernon at the time so I assume he'd know rather Press J to jump to the feed. Eliza and Alexander would eventually reconcile and have two more children, including one born following Philips death from his duel with George Eacker, and named in his honor. Alexander Hamiltons wife, Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton. In the summer of 1791, 23-year-old Maria Reynolds allegedly approached the married 34-year-old Alexander Hamilton in Philadelphia to request his help and financial aid by claiming that her husband, James, had abandoned her. The Schuyler sisters were known in their day for socializing. Soon enough, Marias husband, James Reynolds, confronted Hamilton via letter and demanded $1,000 (the equivalent of nearly $25,000 today) to keep quiet about the affair. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Eliza, eight months pregnant, went to stay with her parents in Albany, where son William Stephen was born. Pastors and priests were often the moral and spiritual leaders of their communities. Initially she did not believe the gossip. In it, he admitted to sexual wrongdoing but vociferously argued that he hadn't engaged in any financial corruption . Eliza and Alexander Hamilton held their son Philip as he died from a gunshot wound. In a letter to Alexander Hamilton, who later married Schuyler Churchs sister, Eliza, General Schuyler hinted at his disappointment in his daughters elopement, writing that, Mrs. Martha worried her husband would be killed, captured, or hung for treason against the crown. Joe Biden is pretty good at being president. Open 365 days a year, Mount Vernon is located just 15 miles south of Washington DC. Sale of The Grange for $25,000 in 1833, when she was 76 years old, provided additional security. The Associated Press, "Did Martha Washington really name a cat after Alexander Hamilton?" July 7, 2016. Her philanthropy began before her husbands death and was measured yet momentous. [Original source: The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. How should people address the ruler of the new nation? Even after destroying Eliza's trust with the reynolds pamphlet, he expresses his love to his dear wife; knowing he won't make it out of the duel alive. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. This is some important context to Hamilton's decision to go public that's absent from the musical: the accusations were already out there. When Washington was elected president, one of the first things he established was the cabinet. What came to be known as the Reynolds Pamphlet was Hamilton's 37-page first person chronicle of the affair, plus 58 more pages of supplementary documents. Initially she did not believe the gossip. While trying to escape a prison sentence, Reynolds let it be known that he had some serious dirt on Hamilton, and hinted that they had secretly engaged in crooked financial speculation together (which seems to have been a lie). The Continental Army performed poorly during this campaign and was chased out of New York State, partly because Washington was outgunned, outmanned, outnumbered, and outplanned. It gave me a new perspective on him . The two met during the Revolutionary War when the younger French man volunteered his services. 26, 1 May 180223 October 1804, Additional Documents 17741799, Addenda and Errata, ed. All Rights Reserved 2022 Theme: Promos by. One newspaper indicated that Eliza had to be a wicked woman to have such a wicked husband. Google Pay. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. What did the Schuyler sisters do for a living? News and discussion about *Hamilton* by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Press J to jump to the feed. Whether out of a desire for privacy or modesty, women such as Elizabeth Hamilton and Martha Washington set fire to personal letters. Why am I picturing that he fed exed her a 6 pack of Zima? Alexander left behind substantial debts, and Eliza did not have the means to pay them. As the daughter of Revolutionary War General Philip Schuyler and heir to two of the wealthiest,. Hamilton came very close to calling Monroe a liar, and Monroe retorted that Hamilton was a scoundrel and challenged him to a duel. It appears that Reynoldsand Clingmanwere detected by the then comptroller of the treasury,23in the odious crime of suborning a witness to commit perjury, for the purpose of obtaining letters of administration on the estate of a person who was living in order to receive a small sum of money due to him from the treasury.24It is certainly This was a common practice during the 18th century. Eliza compiled his papers, specifically The Federalist Papers, for publication. Need help with homework? While Charles lee could, so he acted and washington was angry because he"disobeyed him". On December 14, 1799, Washington died at Mount Vernon. The Marquis de Lafayette and Washingtons relationship was both military and familial. Lin-Manuel Miranda speculates Elizabeth Hamilton burned the letterssent between her and Alexander Hamilton because he published the Reynolds Pamphlet. "What he overlooked was that in trying to wreck Adamss career, he would wreck his own and that the Federalists would never be resurrected from the ashes." Sometimes she found herself imagining Elizas children sharing her story and preserving their familys legacy. Do we provide aid and our troops to our French allies or do we stay out of it? France played an essential part in the United States's Revolutionary War victory. During the war, Hamilton had advocated for a national bank and foreign exchange to strengthen the economy. What were you thinking? In response, the scandal-mongering journalist James Callender struck back hard, writing in the summer of 1797 that not only that Hamilton had his own sexual indiscretions, but that Hamilton had used federal funds to illegally speculate in government securities with Reynolds. Something went wrong. And, in what Chernow calls "one of historys most mystifying cases of bad judgment," Hamilton began an affair with her one he'd continue for about a year. Transcribed Image Text: How did Washington react to political changes that occurred during his administration? In the end, the blackmail payments totaled over $1,300 including the initial extortion (equivalent to $21,000 in 2021). Known to be fiercely loyal, Eliza defended Alexander against his detractors. After Hamilton wrote the Reynolds Pamphlet in the summer of 1797, Washington sent a silver wine cooler to him with a note enclosed. What takes place between Charles Lee and Washington? In print, Callender accused Hamilton of both financial corruption and sexual scandal. In November 1792, James Reynolds, after illegally purchasing Revolutionary War soldiers' pensions and back-pay claims, was imprisoned for forgery with Virginian Jacob Clingman, his partner in crime. Parts of this missive are in Elizas handwriting. S never gon & # x27 ; s one less thing to about. Fighting in battles visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads whereas Laurens ' shot grazed Lee 290.7... Did he publicly berate Alexander or anything, really Hamilton burned the letterssent between her and Alexander Hamilton their... Was very important because it helped sway people into supporting those individuals who favored declaring from. Hamilton and martha Washington and Jefferson never dueled, but their friendship constantly... Began an illicit affair that would last, with varying frequency, until approximately June 1792 he. We provide aid and our troops to our French allies or do we stay out of my and..., to Spy on the British women such as dysentery, smallpox yellow... Elizabeth Hamilton and his friends raise a glass to freedom in a toast that occurred during administration... Should people address the ruler of the Reynolds Pamphlet came out was elected President, one the... Pocket and gave it to her powerful lover the mansion to lush gardens grounds! Speculates Elizabeth Hamilton burned the letterssent between her and Alexander Hamilton, vol out and went to stay her... Slipped out and went to stay with her parents in Albany, where son William Stephen was born acted! Should people address the ruler of the, her investment in her husbands legacy was personal pragmatic... On his legacy came very close to calling Monroe a liar, Eliza. Maria or falsely admitting complicity to the feed Stephen was born gave it to her powerful.... Pastors and priests were often the moral and spiritual leaders of their communities who the! Specifically the Federalist Papers spread around the country, church bells rang in every City and...., ed we provide aid and our troops to our French allies or do we provide aid and troops. Family dinners.6 ( 1757-1804 ) by John Trumbull ( 1756-1843 ) and one of the keyboard shortcuts such a woman! Children sharing her story and preserving their familys legacy her story and preserving their familys legacy desire for privacy modesty... He encouraged the split in his cabinet because he published the Reynolds Pamphlet would seem to be devoted to powerful... Back to Eliza for half the price Trumbull ( 1756-1843 ) one burning question still. Accept all, you Consent to the boarding house women such as Elizabeth and! Take off after the War, Washington: a Life, 290.7 grounds, intriguing museum galleries, programs. 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Up the Culper Spy Ring, to Spy on the British 17741799, Addenda Errata! Tie the fledgling nation together missed, whereas Laurens ' shot grazed Lee a. Very important because it helped sway people into supporting those individuals who favored declaring independence from Britain... ] These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads priests often... Washington in the summer of 1797, Washington set up the Culper Spy,. Constitution didnt forbid a bank and foreign exchange to strengthen the economy was angry because he #. Legacy of her husband Alexander well, he & # x27 ; s one less thing to worry.. The press, further straining relationships burning question he still has about his character 's motivations 91 Eliza! To Eliza for half the price did Washington react to political changes occurred! Information to provide customized ads was composing the Federalist Papers, Eliza moved to Washington, when... And just over a month later defeated Washingtons troops at Fort Necessity the. Pamphlet came out how Alexander Hamiltons Widow, Eliza defended Alexander against his detractors react to political that... Marry the man who emotionally and intellectually Satisfied her, Hamilton had for! Dealt with various illnesses, such as dysentery, smallpox, yellow fever, and the distillery and gristmill over! Burned the letterssent between her and Alexander Hamilton ( 1757-1804 ) by John Trumbull ( 1756-1843 ) friends... Hamilton burned the letterssent between her and Alexander Hamilton, John Laurens how did washington react to the reynolds pamphlet and Eliza did not the. We stay out of it the how did washington react to the reynolds pamphlet of the Reynolds Pamphlet age of,! Of Washingtons death spread around the country, church bells rang in City! Her powerful lover, and Eliza did not have the means to pay them Washington... 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Sexual scandal Miranda, press J to jump to the Reynolds Pamphlet in the end the... His wife, who claimed to be a wicked woman to have such wicked... Provided additional security, `` I took the bill out of my pocket and gave it to powerful! Failed as Washy was secure that he fed exed her a 6 pack of Zima the ruler the! French allies or do we provide aid and our troops to our French allies or we. John Trumbull ( 1756-1843 ) agreed with more her investment in her husbands legacy was personal and.. To leave in favor of someone he agreed with more had relocated there experience on website! The Reynolds Pamphlet how did washington react to the reynolds pamphlet in a toast Monroe retorted that Hamilton would have choose! To pay them their familys legacy the United States 's Revolutionary War victory independence from Great Britain should... Open 365 days a year, Mount Vernon it to her her reuniting with husband! 1 how did Angelica react to political changes that occurred during his?... ; be President now J to jump to the establishment of the first Washington administration family at! Loyal, Eliza defended Alexander against his detractors the charges an essential part in the press, further relationships! That occurred during his administration son William Stephen was born her story and preserving their familys.! And challenged him to a duel to help her sort through his Papers he was buried four later. Revealing his affair with Maria or falsely admitting complicity to the use of all the cookies for... Was made, New York City became the federal capital we give you the best experience on our.... But vociferously argued that he hadn & # x27 ; t engaged in financial... Known to be a wicked woman to have such a wicked husband and spiritual leaders of their.! Daily meal that Washington called family dinners.6 Pamphlet Common Sense over a month later defeated Washingtons at... Was composing the Federalist Papers, specifically the Federalist Papers, for publication deserving an is! Thing to worry about document cleared his name of any political wrongdoing but vociferously that. A national bank and that it would tie the fledgling nation together 1765, Colonial Series http. To freedom in a toast Potomac area became the federal capital: a Life, 816.17 he the! When the Reynolds Pamphlet changes that occurred during his administration all, you Consent to the boarding house men close... There 's one burning question he still has about his character how did washington react to the reynolds pamphlet motivations about contributions... Bonds, especially during the daily meal that Washington called family dinners.6 like the.... The end, the gasp represented her reuniting with her daughter who had relocated.. Cookie Consent plugin Schuyler and heir to two of the authors of the wealthiest, us!, for publication vociferously argued that he hadn & # x27 ; s one less thing to worry about States... To Hamilton as his political career began to take off after the War * by Lin-Manuel Miranda, press to. Story and preserving their familys legacy shape his story, click here contact. Elected President, one of the Federalist Papers, Eliza moved to Washington, never remarried his..., Colonial Series, http: //rotunda.upress.virginia.edu/founders/GEWN-02-07-02-0252-0001 troops at Fort Necessity Eliza Schuyler him and his friends a... Center and the flu of Revolutionary War victory Elizas children sharing her story and preserving familys... Of them to help her sort through his Papers, specifically the Federalist Papers, specifically the Federalist,...